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Joan Murrell Owens : ウィキペディア英語版 | Joan Murrell Owens
Joan Murrell Owens (June 30, 1933 – May 25, 2011) was an American educator and marine biologist specializing in corals. She received degrees in geology, fine art, and guidance counseling. She described a new genus, ''Rhombopsammia'', and three new species of button corals, ''R. niphada'', ''R. squiresi'', and ''Letepsammia franki''. She was also one of the first African American women scientists to contribute to the field of marine biology in the United States, and the first African American woman to receive a PhD in geology. ==Early life and family==
Joan Murrell was born on June 30, 1933, in Miami, Florida, to William and Leola Murrell. Her father was a dentist. Encouraged by her parents, from an early age Joan became interested in the life of the oceans, and she hoped to study marine biology professionally. One of her favorite books was ''The Silent World'' by Jacques Cousteau. Joan entered Fisk University in 1950. However, the university did not offer a program in the marine sciences. Instead, she majored in fine art and received her degree in 1954; her minors were mathematics and psychology.〔〔 For graduate study, Murrell entered the University of Michigan with the intention to study commercial art, but she changed her focus. She received a Master of Science degree in guidance counseling with an emphasis on reading therapy in 1956.〔
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